Two Species and Three Species Ecological Modeling - Homotopy Analysis

It is observed that big trees are older than little trees and there are more little trees than big trees since not every little tree grows up to be a big tree most die young. But seeds produced and shed by the bigger trees will naturally form little trees. It can also be noticed that there are some dead needles and leaves on the ground and some standing dead trees which will eventually fall to the soil, the result of the deaths of those young trees and plant parts. It is natural that the live trees have roots in the soil formed partly from those dead leaves and logs and surmise that the trees obtain some nutrients from them Mangroves are the forests positioned at the convergence of land and Sea in inter tidal zones of the world. Mangrove forests are architecturally simple when compared to rainforests, often lacking under storey of leafs and shrubberies and are generally less species rich than other tropical forests. Mangroves have been heavily used traditionally for food, timber, fuel and medicine, and presently occupy about 181000 km2 of tropical and subtropical coastline. Mangroves are a precious ecological and economic resource, being vital nursery grounds and breeding sites for birds, fish, crustaceans, shellfish, reptiles,Polychaete, Crabs, Prawn, Zooplankton and mammals; a renewable source of wood; accrual sites for sediment, contaminants, carbon and nutrients; and offer Fortification against coastal erosion. Major reasons for obliteration of mangroves are urban development, aquaculture, mining and over exploitation for timber, fish, crustaceans and shellfish.